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Ospreys (Pandionidae)

Osprey

Pandion haliaetus

AccipitriformesLarge (60 cm, wingspan 165 cm)
Appearance
Brown above, white below, with a distinctive dark wrist patch on the underwing. White head with a broad brown eye-stripe. Pale-blue feet with reversible outer toe adapted for gripping fish.
Habitat
Virtually any body of water with large fish: coastlines, lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and estuaries. Nests on tall platforms — dead trees, channel markers, artificial platforms.
Behaviour
The only hawk in North America that dives feet-first into water to catch fish, plunging from heights of 10–40 m. Shakes itself dry in flight after a dive. Carries fish head-first to reduce aerodynamic drag.
Seasonality
Summer breeder in temperate zones; winters in South America and the Caribbean. Migrates along coastlines and river corridors.
Range
Cosmopolitan — found on every continent except Antarctica. One of the world's most widely distributed birds of prey.

Field note

"Ospreys have a specialized oil gland that produces a thick secretion they spread over their feathers before diving, effectively waterproofing their plumage for repeated submersions."

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