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Swallows (Hirundinidae)

Barn Swallow

Hirundo rustica

PasseriformesSmall (19 cm)
Appearance
Deeply forked tail — the longest of any North American swallow. Steel-blue upperparts, rusty-orange forehead and throat, and pale cinnamon underparts. Elegant, streamlined silhouette in flight.
Habitat
Open country near water — farms, meadows, marshes, lakeshores. Nests almost exclusively in human structures: barns, bridges, culverts, and building eaves.
Behaviour
Masters of aerial insect capture, rarely pausing to perch. Skims low over fields and water in fast, sweeping arcs. Gather in huge pre-migration flocks on utility wires in late summer.
Seasonality
Summer breeder arriving April–May; departs south by early October. Undertakes one of the world's longest migrations to South America.
Range
Breeds across North America and Eurasia. Winters in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. The world's most widely distributed swallow.

Field note

"Barn Swallows have co-evolved with humans for so long that in North America they now nest almost exclusively on human-made structures — wild rock face nests are extremely rare."

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