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True Owls (Strigidae)

Great Horned Owl

Bubo virginianus

StrigiformesLarge (55 cm, wingspan 145 cm)
Appearance
Large, barrel-shaped body with prominent ear tufts ('horns'). Rich brown-and-buff barring, bright yellow eyes, and a white throat patch. Facial disc frames the face in a flat, forward-facing plane.
Habitat
Extraordinary generalist: forests, deserts, swamps, open country, parks, and suburbs. One of the most habitat-tolerant raptors in the Americas.
Behaviour
Primarily nocturnal. Deep resonant hooting 'who's awake? me too' is one of winter's defining night sounds. The great horned owl is the dominant predator of other raptors — it kills and eats hawks, falcons, and even other owls.
Seasonality
Non-migratory. Begins nesting in January or February — the earliest nesting bird in most of North America, incubating eggs in the snow.
Range
Throughout the Americas from the Arctic tundra to Tierra del Fuego. Absent only from the high Arctic and dense rainforest interior.

Field note

"Great Horned Owls have a grip strength of around 300 psi — stronger than the average human handshake — allowing them to carry prey up to three times their own body weight."

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